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evidence-data· 16 May 2026· 13 min read

What good evidence generation looks like at IND

Decisions you make at IND show up in your HTA dossier seven years later.

Author
Charlie Brook
Chief Innovation Officer

Three decisions that compound

Endpoint choice, comparator strategy, and biomarker / subgroup definitions made at IND show up in your HTA dossier seven years later — usually as gaps you can't close without a new trial.

DecisionCheap at INDExpensive at HTA
Primary endpointPick OS-surrogate carefully; map to HTA expectationsSurrogate the committee won't accept
ComparatorTrial vs realistic SoC; plan ITC explicitlyComparator nobody in EU5 uses
SubgroupsPre-specify EU5-relevant subgroupsPost-hoc subgroup the ERG dismisses
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